{"id":577,"date":"2020-05-11T18:41:47","date_gmt":"2020-05-11T18:41:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/pelister.development.ivote.mk\/?post_type=floras&p=577"},"modified":"2020-09-13T07:58:36","modified_gmt":"2020-09-13T07:58:36","slug":"%d0%b6%d0%b8%d0%b2%d0%b5%d0%b0%d0%bb%d0%b8%d1%88%d1%82%d0%b0","status":"publish","type":"floras","link":"https:\/\/park-pelister.com\/sq\/floras\/%d0%b6%d0%b8%d0%b2%d0%b5%d0%b0%d0%bb%d0%b8%d1%88%d1%82%d0%b0\/","title":{"rendered":"Habitatet"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ekosistemet dhe habitatet e Pelisterit<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00eb PK Pelister,shkenc\u00ebrisht jan\u00eb konstatuar 22 lloje t\u00eb habitateve sipas Shtojc\u00ebs I t\u00eb Direktiv\u00ebs s\u00eb BE-s\u00eb p\u00ebr habitatet:<\/p>\n

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3130 Uj\u00ebra\u00a0 oligotrofike n\u00eb mesotrof\u00eb me bim\u00ebsi t\u00eb Littorelletea uniflorae dhe \/ ose Isoeto-Nanojuncetea. Dy trupa ujor\u00eb: liqenet akullnajor\u00eb\u00a0 Liqeni I Madh (3.7 ha) dhe Liqeni I Vog\u00ebl (0,66 ha) i p\u00ebrkasin k\u00ebtij lloji t\u00eb habitatit, megjith\u00ebse atyre u mungon bim\u00ebsia vaskulare e zhytur. K\u00ebto liqene nuk kan\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha bim\u00ebt kryesore ujore dhe ekosistemet e liqenit dhe bazohen n\u00eb alga. Direktiva e Habitateve dhe speciet e tjera t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebrve\u00e7 specieve endemike t\u00eb amfipod\u00ebve (Niphargus pancici subsp. Pancici n\u00eb Liqenin e Madh) q\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb regjistruar nga ky habitat n\u00eb PK Pelister. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 Niphargus, ekziston edhe nj\u00eb specie tjet\u00ebr lokale endemike: krimbi i shesht\u00eb Rhynchelmis komareki subsp. komareki, dhe p\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj edhe jovertebrore t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb rralla, si Chirocephalus diaphanus, Arctodiaptomus neithammeri dhe Artcodiaptomus osmanus, t\u00eb gjendura n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb habitat n\u00eb PK “Pelister” (Avramoski 2006a).<\/p>\n

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3260 rrjedha ujore n\u00eb fushat n\u00eb nivelin malor me bim\u00ebsin\u00eb Ranunculion fluitantis dhe bim\u00ebsin\u00eb Callitricho-Batrachion. Shumica e p\u00ebrrenjve dhe lumenjve n\u00eb PK Pelister i p\u00ebrkasin k\u00ebtij habitati me bim\u00ebsi t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb t\u00eb bim\u00ebve vaskulare q\u00eb gjenden shpesh n\u00eb uj\u00eb (Callitriche spp., Potamogeton spp., Ranunculus aquatilis s. Lat.) dhe myshqet(Willow Moss Fontinalis antipiretica)e gur\u00ebve n\u00eb nj\u00eb lum\u00eb. Rrjedhat dhe rrjedhjet ujore n\u00eb PK Pelister karakterizohen kryesisht nga uj\u00ebra t\u00eb qarta oligotrofike.<\/p>\n

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4060 stepa alpine dhe boreale. Habitati I tipit 4060 \u00ebsht\u00eb i pranish\u00ebm n\u00eb PK Pelister. \u00cbSht\u00eb mjaft e zakonshme dhe e bollshme n\u00eb zonat subalpine dhe alpine t\u00eb Parkut Komb\u00ebtar n\u00eb nj\u00eb lart\u00ebsi prej 1600 – 2300 m. Shumica e habitateve jan\u00eb t\u00eb vendosura n\u00eb zonat alpine mbi kufirin natyror t\u00eb sip\u00ebrm t\u00eb pyjeve. N\u00eb pjes\u00ebt e poshtme t\u00eb zon\u00ebs alpine ka Juniperus communis me rritje t\u00eb ul\u00ebt (Juniperus nana \/ sibirica) ato q\u00eb ndryshojn\u00eb n\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarje me Vaccinium myrtillus dhe Bruckenthalia spiculifolia t\u00eb cilat mbizot\u00ebrojn\u00eb n\u00eb lart\u00ebsit\u00eb. Lloje \u00a0t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb stepave alpine dhe bural formojn\u00eb mozaik\u00eb me nj\u00ebri-tjetrin dhe me kullota alpine. Speciet vaskulare bimore t\u00eb Gentiana lutea nga Aneksi V Direktiva e Habitateve shpesh gjenden n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb habitat.<\/p>\n

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5130 Juniperus communis n\u00eb kullotat step\u00eb. Habitati tip 5130 \u00ebsht\u00eb i zakonsh\u00ebm n\u00eb PK Pelister. Juniperus communis \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00ebs tipik i disa llojeve t\u00eb habitatit n\u00eb kullota (t\u00eb thata) dhe habitatesh shk\u00ebmbore. P\u00ebrshkrimi i k\u00ebsaj specie bazohet kryesisht n\u00eb boll\u00ebkun e bredhit. Formacionet e Juniperus communis me vazhdim\u00ebsi t\u00eb gjat\u00eb shpesh karakterizohen nga bar\u00ebra t\u00eb ndjeshme , si dhe myshk n\u00ebntok\u00ebsor. Shumica e formacioneve t\u00eb k\u00ebtij habitati jan\u00eb me origjin\u00eb t\u00eb fundit. Nd\u00ebrprerja e p\u00ebrdorimit tradicional (zakonisht kullotja dhe administrimi i kullotave duke djegur ose prer\u00eb bredh) ka \u00e7uar n\u00eb formimin dhe rritjen e k\u00ebtyre habitateve me k\u00ebrcell t\u00eb dendur \u00a0bredhi.<\/p>\n

6210 Kullota t\u00eb thata gjys\u00ebm natyrore dhe rimeso t\u00eb lidhura n\u00eb substratet g\u00eblqerore (Festuco-Brometalia) (* vende t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr orkide). Kullotat e k\u00ebsaj specie jan\u00eb t\u00eb pranishme n\u00eb pjes\u00ebt subalpine dhe t\u00eb poshtme t\u00eb PK Pelister. Shumica e vendeve jan\u00eb kryesisht t\u00eb vogla n\u00eb zon\u00eb dhe rriten me bredha, barishte t\u00eb gjat\u00eb dhe bar\u00ebra, si dhe me pem\u00eb dhe shkurre. Kjo specie \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb rezistente ndaj tokave g\u00eblqerore, por ka edhe disa shpate me diell t\u00eb pasura me specie, me p\u00ebrb\u00ebrjen e specieve Mesobromion t\u00eb Pelisterit. Braktisja e m\u00ebtutjeshme sjell past\u00ebrtin\u00eb termofile me nj\u00eb faz\u00eb t\u00eb mesme bim\u00ebsie n\u00eb skajin termofilik (Trifolio-Geranietea).<\/p>\n

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6220 * Pseudo-step\u00eb me bar dhe Thero-Brahipodieto. Kjo specie \u00ebsht\u00eb gjetur n\u00eb pjes\u00ebt e poshtme t\u00eb Pelister PK sip\u00ebr Dihov\u00ebs – Nizhepole dhe n\u00eb veri-lindje t\u00eb Livadhit t\u00eb Madh. N\u00eb shpatet per\u00ebndimore t\u00eb Pelisterit, midis parkut dhe Liqenit t\u00eb Presp\u00ebs, kryesisht jasht\u00eb Parkut Komb\u00ebtar, ekzistojn\u00eb pseudo-stepa t\u00eb m\u00ebdha dhe p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuese.<\/p>\n

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62D0 Kullotat acidofilike oroeziane jan\u00eb t\u00eb zakonshme dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrhapura n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn alpine dhe n\u00ebnalpine t\u00eb PK “Pelister”. K\u00ebto kullota alpine formojn\u00eb mozaik\u00eb t\u00eb bashk\u00ebsive t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb bim\u00ebsis\u00eb me bar dhe me lart\u00ebsi n\u00ebnalpine. Ky lloj habitati \u00ebsht\u00eb tipik p\u00ebr zon\u00ebn malore qendrore t\u00eb Ballkanit dhe p\u00ebrmban shum\u00eb specie me mbrojtje t\u00eb lart\u00eb. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb habitat ekzistojn\u00eb specie t\u00eb bim\u00ebve vaskulare endemike lokale, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb Crocus pelistericus, Dianthus myrtinervius dhe Sempervivum. Speciet vaskulare bimore t\u00eb Gentiana lutea nga Aneksi V Direktiva e Habitateve shpesh gjenden n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb habitat.<\/p>\n

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6430 Bim\u00eb t\u00eb larta hidrofile n\u00eb kthesat nga rrafshnalta dhe nivelet m\u00eb t\u00eb larta malore e deri tek ato alpine, jan\u00eb tipike p\u00ebr p\u00ebrrenjt\u00eb PK “Pelister”. N\u00eb zonat malore dhe alpine, habitatet e k\u00ebsaj specie jan\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb zakonshme. Por vendet m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebta shpesh ndryshuan prej aktivitete njer\u00ebzore. Ekzistojn\u00eb disa endemika ballkanike n\u00eb bim\u00ebt vaskulare n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb habitat Alchemilla peristerica \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb endemik\u00eb lokale.<\/p>\n

6510 livadhe t\u00eb ulta \u200b\u200b(Alopecurus pratensis, Sanguisorba officinalis). Ky lloj bim\u00ebsie gjendet n\u00eb pjes\u00ebt e ulta t\u00eb PK Pelister. Ka livadhe af\u00ebr fshatit Malovishte, t\u00eb cilat i p\u00ebrkasin k\u00ebsaj specie. N\u00eb vendkalimin n\u00eb Gjavato ka hap\u00ebsira barishtore n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e brendshme drejt PK Pelister me nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb rritjeje, por fillimisht i p\u00ebrkasin k\u00ebtij lloji 6510. Gjithashtu, disa kullota t\u00eb vogla t\u00eb mbingarkuara me parcela mbizot\u00ebruese t\u00eb Asphodelus albus dhe Pteridium aquilinum jan\u00eb shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb fillimisht n\u00eb livadhe dhe mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsojn\u00eb \u00a0livadhet e degraduara, ose lloji 6210.<\/p>\n

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7140 mo\u00e7alet kalimtare dhe bajamet e torf\u00ebs – kan\u00eb vler\u00eb t\u00eb madhe konservimi n\u00eb RM, sepse ky lloj habitati p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet kryesisht nga lloji i habitatit t\u00eb EUNIS “Pelagonide Maqedoni sedge fens”, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb endemike p\u00ebr Ballkanin. Sipas k\u00ebtij studimi, kjo specie \u00ebsht\u00eb e rrall\u00eb dhe lokale me nj\u00eb dukuri t\u00eb vog\u00ebl pran\u00eb Liqenit t\u00eb Madh dhe t\u00eb Vog\u00ebl. Sipas Direktiv\u00ebs s\u00eb Habitateve, Shtojca V Sphagnum spp. myshqet shpesh jan\u00eb speciet mbizot\u00ebruese n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb habitat. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, ekzistojn\u00eb specie endemike ballkanike t\u00eb bim\u00ebve vaskulare.<\/p>\n

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7160 Burimet minerale dhe shenjat e pranver\u00ebs jan\u00eb mjaft t\u00eb zakonshme, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00eb zon\u00ebn alpine t\u00eb Pelister PK n\u00eb vendet e burimeve, ku fillojn\u00eb t\u00eb rrjedhin p\u00ebrrenj malor\u00eb dhe lumenj. Ka edhe burime dhe p\u00ebrrenj me k\u00ebt\u00eb lloj habitati n\u00eb shpatet e malit Pelister dhe majat e tjera t\u00eb Malit Baba n\u00eb zon\u00ebn pyjore. K\u00ebto habitate kan\u00eb nj\u00eb flor\u00eb specifike si me pisha ashtu edhe me specie alpine dhe me disa endemika ballkanike si Dactylorhiza cordigera, Carex macedonica dhe asteria Silene. Invertebror\u00ebt jan\u00eb gjithashtu t\u00eb pranish\u00ebm n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb habitat.<\/p>\n

7220 * Formimi i burimeve shk\u00ebmbore (Cratoneurion) jan\u00eb t\u00eb pranish\u00ebm me dukuri t\u00eb vogla dhe mjaft t\u00eb pap\u00ebrfaqshme n\u00eb shpatin e Sapundzic\u00ebs (sip\u00ebr Nizhepole) dhe pem\u00ebs pranverore Alnus glutinosa, pran\u00eb vendkalimit Gjavato n\u00eb Pelister PK.<\/p>\n

7230 Argjinaturat Alkaline jan\u00eb nj\u00eb habitat i vog\u00ebl dhe i rrall\u00eb n\u00eb PK Pelister. \u00cbsht\u00eb i pranish\u00ebm n\u00eb zon\u00ebn pyjore, zakonisht n\u00eb vende t\u00eb pasura me minerale me uj\u00eb specifik n\u00ebntok\u00ebsor. N\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebrjen e specieve, ekzistojn\u00eb specie tipike t\u00eb bim\u00ebve vaskulare, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb Eriophorum latifolium, Blysmus compressus, Listera ovata dhe myshqe si Campylium stellatum, Bryum psedotriquetrum dhe Sphagnum contortum. Gjithashtu, bim\u00ebt vaskulare endemike ballkanike tipike t\u00eb habitatit 7160 jan\u00eb shpesh t\u00eb pranishme n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb habitat.<\/p>\n

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8150 Muret e silikonit t\u00eb malit t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs Qendrore. Lloji i habitatit 8150 \u00ebsht\u00eb i zakonsh\u00ebm dhe karakteristik p\u00ebr PK Pelister. Kjo specie p\u00ebrfshin t\u00eb gjitha habitatet pyjore n\u00eb shpatet shk\u00ebmbore dhe zonat n\u00eb majat e malit Baba. “Lumenjt\u00eb me gur\u00eb” t\u00eb famsh\u00ebm t\u00eb \u00a0Pelisterit \u00a0i p\u00ebrkasin k\u00ebtij lloji t\u00eb habitatit.<\/p>\n

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8220 Shpatet shk\u00ebmbore silikoni me bim\u00ebsi hamsofitike jan\u00eb nj\u00eb habitat i zakonsh\u00ebm i PK “Pelister”. Tipi 8220 \u00ebsht\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm p\u00ebr biodiversitetin e luleve dhe vegjetativ\u00ebs. P\u00ebrb\u00ebrja e lules p\u00ebrfshin speciet bimore dhe komunitetet bimore t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatura me kushtet ekstreme t\u00eb mjedisit. Shk\u00ebmbimi i kufizuar gjenetik midis taksoneve nga male t\u00eb ndryshme siguron kushte t\u00eb favorshme p\u00ebr specifikimin endemik, gj\u00eb q\u00eb \u00e7on n\u00eb pranin\u00eb e specieve endemike maqedonase dhe ballkanike n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb habitat. Habitati \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithashtu i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm p\u00ebr zogjt\u00eb, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb (pirrokoraks Pyrrhocorax) n\u00eb Pelister. Bim\u00eb vaskulare endemike Oktopodat Sempervivum rritet n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb habitat specie n\u00eb zon\u00ebn alpine t\u00eb PK Pelister.<\/p>\n

9180 * Pyjet Tilio-Acerion n\u00eb shpatet, grykat jan\u00eb nj\u00eb habitat i rrall\u00eb n\u00eb PK Pelister. Gjendet n\u00eb shpatin e lumit Semnica midis Kazanit dhe Malovishte. Nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e vendit u shkat\u00ebrrua koh\u00ebt e fundit gjat\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb rruge p\u00ebr nj\u00eb hidrocentral. Gjithashtu \u00ebsht\u00eb e pranishme p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb lumit Brajcino, por prania e tij n\u00eb parkun komb\u00ebtar duhet t\u00eb konfirmohet. Kjo specie mund t\u00eb gjendet n\u00eb an\u00ebt e grykave t\u00eb lumenjve n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e poshtme t\u00eb PK Pelister.<\/p>\n

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91E0 * Pyje aluviale me Alnus glutinosa dhe Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae). Ky lloj habitati me p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsi \u00ebsht\u00eb i pranish\u00ebm n\u00eb shpatet dhe n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e poshtme t\u00eb Pelisterit. N\u00eb shpatet zakonisht formon korridore dhe korsi p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb rrjedhave t\u00eb burimit dhe rrjedhave ujore. N\u00eb disa burime formohen burime t\u00eb vogla. Ky habitat \u00ebsht\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm p\u00ebr amfib\u00ebt, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb Rana dalmatina dhe Rana graeca.<\/p>\n

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91AA * Lisi i bardh\u00eb lindor me pem\u00eb t\u00eb vjetra ka nj\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi t\u00eb madhe p\u00ebr biodiversitetin. Pylli i lisit t\u00eb bardh\u00eb lindor \u00ebsht\u00eb i vendosur n\u00eb lart\u00ebsi m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebta dhe af\u00ebr kufijve t\u00eb PK Pelister. Ato karakterizohen nga prania e lisave t\u00eb bardh\u00eb Quercus pubescens dhe Quercus petraea, por edhe lisi (lisi austriak) Quercus cerris dhe lisi hungarez (italisht) Quercus frainetto ndodhin shpesh n\u00eb k\u00ebto pyje.<\/p>\n

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Pyjet e argjendit 91BA jan\u00eb t\u00eb pranishme ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00eb shpatet veriore t\u00eb PK Pelister. Bredhi i argjendt\u00eb (Abies borisii-regis) \u00ebsht\u00eb i p\u00ebrhapur n\u00eb\u00a0 Pelister dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb konkurrues m\u00eb i mir\u00eb se pjesa Pinus. Ka disa hap\u00ebsira t\u00eb pastra, por pema e argjendt\u00eb e Krisht\u00eblindjes shpesh p\u00ebrzihet me molika, dhe nganj\u00ebher\u00eb me ahun.<\/p>\n

9280 Pylli Quercus frainetto. N\u00eb Pelister, pema e lisit t\u00eb bardh\u00eb lindor 91AA * \u00ebsht\u00eb e lidhur dhe pjes\u00ebrisht e p\u00ebrzier me lisin 9280 Quercus frainetto hungarez , dhe jan\u00eb kryesisht t\u00eb pranishme n\u00eb disa pjes\u00eb t\u00eb sip\u00ebrme t\u00eb zon\u00ebs s\u00eb lisit, dhe nganj\u00ebher\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrziera me pyje t\u00eb ahut mozaik 91W0.<\/p>\n

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91W0 Pyjet e ahut jan\u00eb ndoshta lloji m\u00eb i zakonsh\u00ebm i pyjeve n\u00eb PK Pelister. Ka disa hap\u00ebsira t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndara dhe t\u00eb fragmentuara me pem\u00eb t\u00eb vjetra dhe shkrime t\u00eb m\u00ebdha kalbjeje me karaktere t\u00eb pastra pyjore. K\u00ebto zona kan\u00eb nj\u00eb vler\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb konservimi.<\/p>\n

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95A0 Pyjet e larta t\u00eb pishave oro-mesdhetare jan\u00eb tipike p\u00ebr PK Pelister. Vlera e ruajtjes s\u00eb k\u00ebtij lloji t\u00eb habitatit me pyje molike nga pisha maqedonase e Pinusit \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e lart\u00eb. Ruajtja e rrept\u00eb e t\u00eb gjitha zonave natyrore dhe pjes\u00ebve me karakteristika t\u00eb pyjeve t\u00eb vjetra n\u00eb rritje t\u00eb 95A0 n\u00eb Pelister \u00ebsht\u00eb globalisht e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme. Shum\u00eb nj\u00ebsi kan\u00eb nj\u00eb histori t\u00eb gjat\u00eb t\u00eb pylltaris\u00eb dhe disa nj\u00ebsi jan\u00eb rigjeneruar n\u00eb koh\u00ebrat jugosllave dhe pastaj menaxhohen.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":594,"template":"","flora_category":[9],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/park-pelister.com\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/floras\/577"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/park-pelister.com\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/floras"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/park-pelister.com\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/floras"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/park-pelister.com\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/594"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/park-pelister.com\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=577"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"flora_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/park-pelister.com\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/flora_category?post=577"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}